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世纪跨越  光辉历程

Trans-century Brilliance

——中国钨业百年回眸

   ---Reviewing Centenary Course of China Tungsten Industry

提起石油，人们就会瞩目中东；提起有色金属钨，世界的目光就会聚焦中国。

物以稀为贵，钨，是一种宝贵的具有战略意义的稀有金属。值得庆幸的是，钨竟奇迹般大量聚集在中国，中国钨的储量占了全世界总储量的一半。中华瑰宝—钨，在中国大地被发现、开发利用才100年。在历史的长河里，100年，不过是短暂的一瞬间，对于中国钨业却是百年沧桑，走过了从无到有、从小到大、从弱到强的风雨历程。

Tungsten is a kind of valuable and rare metal mine with strategic significance. Strangely enough, tungsten gathers abundantly in China. Its reserves are fifty percent of that of the world. It has been only one hundred years since tungsten was discovered and used in China. One-hundred year, in comparison with the long history of human being, is just like the time of a flash-----transient. But to China tungsten industry, it has experienced centenary sadness and happiness, unsteadily sailing forward from little to a little, from small to large, from weak to strong.

江西赣州是中国钨业的发祥地，1907年在大余西华山发现了钨矿，德籍传教士邬利亨自梅岭驿道经浈江、珠江出海，从“海上丝绸之路”将中国钨矿运往海外。尔后，在赣、湘、粤等地陆续发现了钨矿并进行人工开采，由此形成了中国早期的钨业。

China tungsten industry was born in Ganzhou of Jiangxi Province. In 1907, tungsten was discovered in Mount Xihua of Dayu county of Jiangxi Province. Wilhelm, a preacher from Germany, carried some tungsten traveling from Meiling Hill of Dayu County to Zheng River and Pearl River in connection with sea. Then he shipped tungsten to oversea from so-called “sea silk road”. Later, tungsten was continually discovered in Hunan Province, Canton Province and some other places of Jiangxi Provinces and exploited by hand. Thus earliest China tungsten industry was formed.

1914年第一次世界大战爆发。中国钨首次进入国际市场，当年钨砂产量不足20吨，仅占世界总产量的0.24%左右；1918年猛增至10200吨，至第二次世界大战又增至14200吨，占世界总产量的66%。以后，一直到1949年，中国钨精矿的年均产量始终占世界总产量的40%以上。

In the year of 1914 when the First World War broke out, China tungsten industry found a chance to sell its tungsten product in the international market for the first time. However, at that time, the production of tungsten ore is only about 20 tons, occupying only 0.24% of the total volume of the world. But in 1918, its production soared to 10,200 tons. Later to the time when the Second World War broke out, its production continuously increased to 14,200 tons, up to 66% of the worlds’ total production. From that time to 1949, its average production per year was maintained over 40% of world’s total production.

第二次国内革命战争时期，中华苏维埃共和国中央临时政府于1932年2月12日在赣州于都铁山垅成立了中华钨砂公司，并由国家银行行长毛泽民兼任公司总经理。到红军长征前夕，共开采钨砂7890吨，创造了620多万元的财富，换回了大量的药品、食盐和武器，为粉碎反动派对苏区的军事围剿和经济封锁起了十分重要的作用。

During the period of second civil war of China (1927-1937), under the leadership of the Central Temporary Government of China Soviet Republic, China Tungsten Company was founded in Tie San Long of Yudu county on the 12th Februrary,1932, and Mao Zeming, the president of National Bank, took the position of manager of the company. Before Red Army began its Long March, the company exploited and produced 7,890 tons and made returns of more than RMB 6.2 million Yuan, which helped the Red Army afford plenty of medicine, salt and weapons. These necessities played an important role in breaking up the enemy’s military attack and economic sanction against Soviet Areas.

抗战时期，国民政府向美国借款2500万美元，并指定以赣州钨砂偿还。通过易货贸易，从国外进口了大量的武器装备和机器设备，增强了国民政府的军事和经济实力，为坚持八年抗战起到了一定的积极作用。

During the Anti-Japanese War, the government of Nationalist Party mortgaged a special mineral for large sums of foreign credit loans, including a 25 million US dollars loan from the United States. Ganzhou’s tungsten was negotiated as reimbursement for the loan. Through this kind of barter trade, the government of Nationalist Party imported a large amount of military weapons, machine and equipment used for heavy industry construction to strengthen the military and economic power of the Government of Nationalist Party, which played a significant role in fighting against Japanese invasion war for eight years.

1907—1949年，中国钨业一直停留于原始落后的手工作业，冶炼加工几乎一片空白。

On the whole, from 1907 to 1949, there is no smelting manufacturing in the field of China tungsten industry. The exploitation and manufacturing of China tungsten industry mainly depended on hand.

走过严冬，迎来春风，雄鸡一唱，百废待兴。1949年中华人民共和国成立，人民政府全面接管各地钨矿山。1950年成立了中南重工业部有色金属管理总局，并设立江西分局赣州区管理处，陆续将西华山、大吉山、岿美山、盘古山、画眉坳等民窿收归国营。中国人民解放军48军军长贺晋年奉命出任江西钨矿业有限公司总经理。

However, it is warm and beautiful spring after long cold winter. The People"s Government began to take over all tungsten industries completely after the People’s Republic of China was founded. In 1950, Nonferrous Metal General Administrative Bureau under the supervision of Central South Industry Department was established,and the Ganzhou Office of Jiangxi Branch as well. These administrative organizations gradually nationalized the following private-owned mines such as Xihuashan, Dajishan, Kuimeishan, Pangushan, Huamei’ao as state-owned mines. The 48 military commander of the PLA He Jinnian, was appointed as the general manager of Jiangxi Tungsten Mining Company Limited.

1950年10月，中国钨业第一座机械化选矿厂在大吉山破土动工，1952年峻工试车，揭开了我国钨业从人工选矿向机械化选矿进军的序幕；1952年中南重工业部有色金属管理总局江西分局在赣州筹建第一个选矿试验室，由此诞生了中国第一家以钨为研究方向的研究所——赣州有色冶金研究所。

In October 1950, the First Mechanized Dressing Plant in China was built in Mount Daji, its production in December of two years later kicked off the development of Tungsten Industry from manual ore-dressing to mechanical ore-dressing. In the same year, the first research institute of tungsten, Ganzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute, established the first beneficiation laboratory in Ganzhou by Nonferrous Metal General Administrative Bureau (Jiangxi Branch) under the supervision of Central South Industry Department.

1953年1月，国家将株洲硬质合金厂、吉林铁合金厂、大吉山钨矿、西华山钨矿、岿美山钨矿等列入国家“一五”计划的156项重点工程之列。

In January 1953, according to the first ‘five-year’ plan of China’s development, Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Plant, Jilin Ferroalloy Plant, Dajishan Tunsten Mine, Xihuashan Tunsten Mine, Kuimeishan Tunsten Mine were listed in the 156 national key projects.

株洲硬质合金厂的建成投产，结束了中国仅能生产钨砂的落后局面，标志着中国钨工业进入了全面创业和崛起的新阶段。

The construction of Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Plant symbolized the end of China’s backward situation and the rising of Chinese tungsten industry.

此后，又建起了几十家机械化采选矿山；自贡硬质合金厂、吉林铁合金厂、成都虹波等一批钨加工企业也相继建成。北京有色研究总院、中南大学等科研院所和高等院校开展了钨冶炼加工新产品、新技术的研究开发。经过30余年的艰苦创业，我国钨冶炼、硬质合金和钨材等从无到有，从小到大，不断崛起。

The following years witnessed the occurrence of decades of mechanical mines of mining and dressing, such as Zigong Cemented Carbide Plant, Jilin Ferroalloy Plant and so on. Universities and institutes like Beijing General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals and Central South University began the research and development of the tungsten products and technologies. Through the hard work for more than thirty years, our technologies in the tungsten metallurgy and Cemented Carbide have developed rapidly, step by step, to a high level.

中国钨矿山为国家社会主义建设和国民经济发展，为出口创汇和三年困难时期偿还外债做出了巨大了贡献，在中国矿业史上写下了不可磨灭的光辉一页。同时，硬质合金、钨材等产品满足了这个时期国家经济建设多个领域及国防军工的需要，为国民经济和国防建设做出了重大贡献。

Chinese tungsten mines have made great contributions to our socialist construction and national economy, particularly the gaining of foreign exchange and the returning of foreign loans from 1961 to 1963. It has written a glorious page in the history of tungsten industry. Meanwhile, it did meet the needs of the national economy in many fields including national defense and military industry.

这一时期，新中国的钨工业沐浴着春风雨露。1950年2月17日，毛泽东主席为在莫斯科地质学院学习的青年留学生题写了“开发矿业”四个大字。稍后几年，又发出“要大打矿山之仗”和“地质工作要先行一个五年，一个十年”等一系列有关发展矿业的指示。刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、叶剑英、董必武、聂荣臻等老一辈革命家下矿山、进工厂，关心、关怀中国钨业的发展。

During this period, China’s tungsten industry witnessed its full-scale renovation with vigor and energy after the foundation of P.R.C. On 17 February 1950, Chairman Mao inscribed the words “Developing Mining Industry” for a young student studying at Moscow Institute of Geology. Later, he gave a series of instructions on the development of the mining industry, such as “We should revitalize mine”, “We should carry out in advance the geological work for five years, even a decade compared with other construction works.” As the older generation of revolutionaries, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Dong Biwu and Nie Rongzhen all showed great concerns for the development of China’s tungsten industry in various forms.

一大批钨业界劳动模范、先进人物走进人民大会堂，出席党的代表大会、人民代表大会、群英会、劳模会，受到毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来等党和国家领导人的亲切接见。

A large number of model workers in tungsten industry walked proudly into the Great Hall of the People to attend the National Congress of CPC, the National People"s Congress (NPC) or the conference of model workers, and were cordially interviewed by the leaders of the Party such as Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and so on.

“文革”十年动乱时期，中国钨业在艰难中跋涉。

The Cultural Revolution lasted for ten years. The tungsten industry suffered greatly and made slow progress during this difficult period.

1975年春，邓小平全面主持国务院工作，“治理整顿”成了各行各业的主旋律。钨行业全面恢复生产，西华山钨矿完成生产计划还得到国务院的表彰。

In Spring of 1975, Deng Xiaoping took full charge of the work of the State Council. “Rectification” became the main theme of that year. So tungsten industry was restored to fully work and Xihuashan tungsten Mine was praised by the state council for the better completion of production plan.

1978年3月18日，邓小平在全国科学大会上做了关于“科学技术是生产力”的报告。明确指出：四个现代化，关键是科学技术现代代。没有现代科学技术就不可能建设现代农业、现代工业和现代国防。

On 18 March 1978, Deng Xiaoping gave the report about “Science and technology constitutes a primary productive force” at the National Conference on Science. He stated explicitly that the modern science and technology was the key point in the Four Modernizations. Without it, there would be no modern agriculture, industry and national defense.

1981年和1982年国务院副总理方毅分别在西华山钨矿、株洲硬质合金厂主持召开了全国第一次、第二次钨业科技大会，在会上作了重要讲话，并题词“振兴钨业”和“勇攀高峰”，钨业界受到极大鼓舞。

The first and second National Technology Conferences on Tungsten Industry were held in 1981 and 1982 at Xihuashan Tunsten Mine and Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Plant respectively. Fang Yi, former vice Premier of the State Council, made important speeches and inscribed the words Revitalizing the Chinese Tungsten Industry and the tungsten industry was considerably encouraged.

中南大学、北京工业大学、江西理工大学等主要涉钨院校，努力培养造就了一大批高素质劳动者和专业人才，为实现中国钨业的发展提供了坚实的人才和技术支持。广大钨企业与科研院所，大专院校紧密合作，攻克科技难关，推进技术进步，一批钨业科技领军人物脱颖而出，黄培云、左铁镛、裴荣富、李正邦、陈毓川、古德生等先后当选为中国工程院院士。

Central South University, Beijing Industry University and Jiangxi University of Science & Technology and other major institutions featuring tungsten study have trained and fostered tens of thousands of highly qualified workers, thousands of specialists, giving solid supports of talents and intellectuals to promote the development of tungsten industry. Many tungsten enterprises, through the cooperation with scientific research institutes or universities, had tackled a series of technical problems and promoted the scientific and technological innovation. A group of leading figures in the field of science and technology, such as Huang Peiyun, Zuo Tieyong, Pei Rongfu、Li Zhengbang, Chen Yuchuang, and Gu Desheng have stood out and become Academicians of Chinese Academy of Engineering.

进入80年代中期，在“大矿大开，小矿放开，有水快流，国家，集体，个人一齐上”的错误主张影响下，中国钨业陷入了乱采滥挖，产量失控，走私贩私，无序竞争的混乱局面。

In the middle of 1980s, China tungsten industry was thrown into great disorder of mining, production, smuggling and competition due to some misleading proposals.

为此，广大钨企业迫切要求成立一个全国性的行业自律组织，在薄一波、谷牧、方毅等国家领导人的亲切关怀下，1985年12月20日，一个跨地区、跨部门、包括国内钨生产、应用、贸易等企业和科研、设计、教育等部门共200余个会员单位自愿组成的社会经济团体——中国钨业协会在江西南昌成立。中国钨业协会自成立以来，遵循“为企业服务，为政府服务，为振兴钨业服务”的宗旨，倡导“圆梦、搭桥、干事，团结、创新、奉献”的协会文化，抓大事、干实事，深入调查研究、多次向国家谏言献策，为中国钨业的健康发展作出了不懈努力。

Hence, a nation-wide self-discipline industry organization is required urgently by many tungsten enterprises. On 20 December 1985, under the cordial concern of Bo Yibo, Gu Mu, Fang Yi and other leaders, China Tungsten Industry Association, a cross-regional, multi-department social-economic organization, was established in the heroic city of Nanchang composing more than 200 members including the enterprises handling in the production, applications, and trade of tungsten as well as the relevant departments devoted to scientific research, design and education. This is a major decision of the Chinese Party Central Committee and the State Council to “revitalize the tungsten industry”. It is also a crucial decision to strengthen the management of our country’s tungsten industry.

Since its establishment in 1985, China Tungsten Industry Association has been serving the purposes to work for enterprises, government and the revitalization of the tungsten industry. In order to achieve a sound development, China Tungsten Industry Association, based on considerable investigations and studies, put forward some important policy suggestions and made unremitting efforts.

    中国钨协向国务院呈报的《关于坚决制止乱挖乱采，保护国家矿产资源》及《采取果断措施，拯救钨业危机》的建议，得到了高度重视，时任国务院总理李鹏于1990年5月23日作出批示，1991年1月15日，国务院发布了[1991]5号文件，将钨在内的四大矿种列为国家实行保护开采的特定矿种，这是建国以来国家首次以国务院的名义对钨业下发的文件，由此开始了对全国钨行业进行全面清理整顿。

On January 15, 1991, according to the instructions given by former Premier Li peng, the State Council issued [1991] the 5th document of “on the tungsten, tin, antimony, rare earth ion-ore mining as the specific ores protected by the state”, which triggered the nation-wide rectification of tungsten industry in the same year . 

    但是，90年代中期，在局部经济利益的驱动下，一些钨矿区乱采滥挖现象又开始反弹，钨矿产量供过于求，生产流通秩序混乱，钨矿价格一直处于低迷状态，钨企业的生产经营非常困难。

进入新世纪后，中国钨业开始了振奋人心的新跨越。经过中国钨协的呼吁，在朱镕基总理的关心和重视下，外经贸部、国家经贸委、国土资源部于2000年10月23日联合下发523号文件《关于加强钨行业综合治理有关问题的通知》，这是继国发[1991]5号文件后，又一个重要文件，标志着中国钨业开始走向有序管理。

In the new Millennium, China Tungsten Industry made a great stride. With the care and attention of former Premier Zhu Rongji, the No. 523 [2000] document of “on strengthening the comprehensive management of the tungsten industry” was jointly issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Land and Resources This is another important document following the 5th document in 1991, which shows that China Tungsten Industry was under orderly management. 

    2000年12月4日，国家经贸委、外经贸部发布第21号令，开始对钨品出口供货企业和钨制品出口经营企业进行资格认证，并每年进行年审。2002年7月，国土资源部下发222号文件，对钨精矿生产总量进行控制，每年对钨矿开采企业下达产量控制指标。至此，钨矿生产和钨品出口基本实现了总量控制。

The No. 21 document was issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the State Economic and Trade Commission on Dec. 2000, which enforced the Qualified Certification and annual verification of tungsten export and supplying enterprises. The No. 222 document, issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources on July 2002, was carried out to control the total production of tungsten concentrate produced yearly by tungsten mines. From then on, the production and export of tungsten was basically balanced in the total quantities.

中国钨矿主产地赣州积极响应国家号召，2001年3月5日赣州市人民政府下发了《关于对全市钨业整合的决定》，至此，赣州的钨产业进入全面清理整顿和整合发展的新时期。

 Ganzhou, as the main productive base, actively answered the call of nation. The People’s Government of Ganzhou issued the document of The Decision on Reconstruction of Ganzhou Tungsten Industry. Thus, Ganzhou tungsten industry greeted a new stage of full-scale rectification and restructure.

2002年7月“全国钨矿企业行业自律大会”在北京召开，会议审议通过了《中国钨企业行业自律公约》，行业自律由此起步。2005年12月，钨主产地赣州的钨企业自发成立赣州市钨业协会，并一致通过和实施协会行规行约和联合自律报价制度。

In July of 2002, “National Tungsten Mine enterprises self-discipline Assembly” was held in Beijing, which discussed and adopted the “China Tungsten enterprise self-regulation convention.” And also, Ganzhou Tungsten Industry Association was established on Dec. 2005 and implemented self-discipline regulations.

近年来,中国钨行业掀起了联合重组的高潮, 一个个大型骨干企业朝着“产权多元化、经营国际化、企业集团化”的方向迈进。

At the same time, the tungsten industry in China has witnessed the upsurge of combination and reorganization. More and more large key enterprises are moving towards the goal of achieving “diversified property rights, internationalized management, and collectivized enterprises”.

2003年2月，中国五矿集团有色金属股份公司出资69%与江西冶金集团公司合作，控股了南昌硬质合金有限责任公司；同年4月，整合了香炉山原有的10家钨矿，组建了江西省修水香炉山钨业有限责任公司；同年12月，五矿出资51%，江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团公司以大吉山、漂塘、下垅、盘古山、铁山垅等钨矿山和赣州华兴钨制品有限公司等企业的资产出资49%，合作组成了江西钨业集团有限公司。这样五矿有色股份公司已成为一个工贸结合的大型钨业公司。

China Minmetals Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd (CMNM) has cooperated with Jiangxi Metallurgical Group Corporation in Feb. 2003 holding 69% shares of Nanchang Cemented Carbide Limited Liability Company. It has also integrated 10 tungsten mines of Mount Xianglu in North Jiangxi to establish a new company—Jiangxi Province Xiushui Xianglushan Tungsten Co., Ltd in April the same year. Meanwhile, It has set up a joint venture company--Jiangxi Tungsen Industry Group Co., Ltd with Jiangxi Rare Earth &. Rare Metals Tungsten Group Corporation (JRERMT) who has integrated Dajishan Mine, Piaotang Mine, Xialong Mine, Pangu Mine, Tieshanlong Mine and Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Co., Ltd as investment. CMNM and JRERMT is holding 51% and 49% of the new company’s shares respectively. Thus, China Minmetals Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd is coming into being a large-scale tungsten company combining trading and manufacturing.

厦门钨业集团公司几年来陆续收购兼并了成都虹波等钨丝生产企业，并与栾川钼业公司合资建立了豫鹭矿业有限公司，回收低品位白钨，以及投资控股并扩建行洛坑钨矿，企业的规模不断扩大，生产链向两端延伸。

In recent years, the scale of Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd has been enlarging continuously by means of purchasing, merger and investment holding shares of Chengdu Hongbo Tungsten Wire Company, Hanglu Tungsten Mine and Yulu Mining Co., Ltd which is joint venture with Luanchuan Molybdenum company. In such ways, it has extended production line from mining to tungsten wire manufacturing.

株洲硬质合金集团公司不断进行企业改组改制，分别与湖南柿竹园有色金属公司合作建立了郴洲钻石钨制品有限责任公司，与有关企业合资建立了钻石切削刀具股份有限公司，改造并新建了深圳金洲精工科技股份有限责任公司等等，逐步实现了企业集团化经营。

Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Co., Ltd, cooperating with Hunan Shizhuyuan Non-ferrous Metal Co., Ltd and some other related enterprises, has established Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd and Diamond Cutting Tool Limited Company, and restructured Shenzhen Jinzhou Precision Technology Corp. Step by step, It has been realizing  its reshuffle and collectivized management.

江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团公司加强与国内民营企业及世界500强企业的合作，共同组建了18家合资公司，拥有全资控股中型以上钨矿山8家，钨冶炼加工企业7家，钨内外贸易企业2家，并引进国内外先进的技术和设备,推进了一批高端产品冶炼加工项目，不断壮大企业规模，推进产业链向下游延伸，形成了完整的产业链和内部市场体系，已成为国内大型钨产品生产加工企业之一。

Jiangxi Rare-earth and Rare Metal Tungsten Industry Group Corporation has paid great attention to cooperate with Private enterprises at home and Top 500 enterprises abroad. It has set up 18 joint venture companies, 8 exclusively owned medium-sized tungsten mines, 7 metallurgical companies, 2 trading companies importing advanced technology, device and high-tech metallurgical projects and forming complete production line and internal marketing system by extending production line to value-added products. It has been being China’s large-scale tungsten producing enterprise.

江西钨业集团有限公司是以钨为主导产品的国有大型综合性集团公司之一，辖有江西省境内8个国有钨矿山、3个钨冶炼厂、2个钨内外贸公司，拥有较大的冶炼加工能力，为国内拥有黑钨生产配额最多、产量最大的企业，在国内外市场具有重要影响。

Jiangxi Tungsten Industry Group Co., Ltd is a large-scale comprehensive group specializing in tungsten products. It has 8 state-owned tungsten mines, 3 tungsten smelting plant and 2 tungsten trading companies possessing powerful smelting ability, largest walframite production quota and production quantities and great influence in market at home and aboard.

2006年湖南有色股份有限公司香港上市，以增资扩股的方式，注资现金4亿元人民币，控股自贡硬质合金有限责任公司。株洲和自贡两个中国最大的硬质合金企业，在湖南有色集团的架构下，在产品专业化分工、技术创新、资源利用和市场营销等方面统一战略和运作。此举堪称中国乃至全球钨业界瞩目的一件大事。

Hunan Non-Ferrous Limited Liability Company was listed in the Hong Kong Stock Market in 2006. It controlled the share of Zigong Cemented Carbide Limited Company by increasing the investment to 400 million RMB. Under the structure of Hunan Non-ferrous Metal Group, Zhuzhou and Zigong—the two biggest cemented carbide enterprises in China, work collaboratively with each other in specialized division of labor, technological innovation, resource utilization and marketing, which is a big event in tungsten industry nationally as well as globally.

与此同时，钨行业的民营和股份制企业也异军突起，民营企业的经济总量占到了全行业的1/3。他们分布在钨的采矿、冶炼、加工和贸易的各个领域。规模较大的民营钨企业有：江西崇义章源钨制品有限公司、江西耀升工贸发展有限公司、潮州翔鹭钨业有限公司、珠江实业有限公司、江西省伟良钨钼企业集团、山东临朐县卧龙硬质合金公司、河北六隆硬质合金有限公司、湖南衡阳南东有色金属有限公司等。

Meanwhile, the private and shareholding enterprises prospect in China’s tungsten industry accounting for 1/3 of the whole industry economy with business mainly covering the fields of tungsten mining, smelting, processing and trade. Among them, the relatively large private tungsten enterprises are Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd, Yaosheng(Jiangxi) Industry &. Trade Development Co., Ltd, Chaozhou Xianglu Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd, Zhujiang Industry Lomited Company, Jiangxi Weiliang Tungsten &. Molybdenum Group Corporation, Shandong Linqu Wolong Cemented Carbide Corporation, Hebei Liulong Cemented Carbide Limited Company, Hunan Hengyang Nandong Non-ferrous Metals Company and the like.

2004年10月和12月，“中国钨工业发展战略论坛”及“中国·赣州钨业发展战略研讨会”分别在长沙、赣州举行，会议代表对钨工业的可持续发展提出了许多科学合理的建议。

In October and December 2004, China Tungsten Industry Development Strategy Forum and Seminar on Development Strategies for Tungsten Industry in Ganzhou were held in Changsha and Ganzhou respectively. Representatives put forward a number of rational advices on the sustainable development of tungsten industry.

为保持钨行业来之不易的大好形势，2005年1月31日，温家宝总理对钨行业作出“抓紧整治，不可重蹈覆辙”的重要批示，同年7月13日，国务院办公厅转发国家发改委等七部委《关于加强钨锡锑等行业管理的意见》即38号文件。这个文件的出台标志着我国钨行业管理又迈上了一个新台阶。

In order to maintain this hard-won excellent situation, Premier Wen Jiabao once again make “step up and rectification, not repeat the same mistakes”, the important instructions on January 31, 2005, and the state seven ministries jointly issued [2005] 38 document on strengthening the management of tungsten industries. Issuance of this document declared China"s tungsten industry management into a new stage.

2006年12月，国家发改委发布了《钨行业准入条件》，就生产规模、工艺装备、资源回收利用及能耗等提出了明确要求，决定自2007年1月1日起，对钨行业实施准入制度，推动全国钨工业结构优化和产业升级。

In December 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the document of The Admittance into Tungsten Industry, which put forward clear demands on the scale of production, process equipment and recycling of resources and enforce the market admittance of tungsten industry on the purpose to promot the national tungsten industrial structural optimization and industrial upgrading from January 1, 2007.

走过风雨，迎来彩虹。“发展是硬道理”。中国得天独厚，拥有丰富的钨资源，为钨工业的发展奠定了良好的原料基础。经过百年奋斗，中国已经形成了从地质勘查、矿山采选到冶炼加工、出口贸易以及产品检测、研发设计、教育培训等完整的钨工业体系，可生产数万个系列产品。

Rainbow appears after storm. China, richly endowed by nature, boasts rich resources of tungsten and lays a good raw material foundation for the development of the tungsten industry. After one-hundred-year struggle, China has already formed the complete industrial system of the geological prospecting, the smelting processing, the export trade, the product testing, researching and designing, educating and training about tungsten. It can produce tens of thousands of products.

2004年6月，国家有关部门在赣州召开了“赣南钨矿找矿战略部署研讨会”，确定赣州为中国钨矿找矿的战略地区。钨矿地质工作新技术、新方法的应用为新一轮的钨矿找矿提供了强有力的支持，全国各地相继发现了多处大中型钨矿床。

In June 2004, the state departments concerned held the Strategic Seminar on Gannan geological exploitaion Plan in Ganzhou determining Ganzhou as the strategic region for Chinese tungsten prospecting. The application of new technologies and new methods in tungsten geological work provided strong support for a new round of tungsten prospecting, then many large and medium-sized tungsten deposits were found throughout the country.

钨矿采选工艺依靠科技进步也获得了突破性进展。 “三无”留矿法、工作面无人留矿法、机械化放矿留矿法的提出，对钨矿开采方法的变革与发展指出了方向，全面改进了矿山作业条件，改变了装备落后，效率低下的面貌。

The tungsten mining and processing technology has also made a breakthrough by the scientific and technological progress. The "three-no" Shrinkage Method, the Shrinkage method on unmanned working platform and the mechanized drawing and shrinkage method pointed out the direction of reform and development, improved the working conditions, changed the backward equipment and inefficient state.

黑、白钨选矿取得了重大突破，白钨综合回收技术和黑白钨混合矿浮选技术得到推广，强磁选机在磁选中得到广泛应用等，推动了我国钨选矿技术的发展。其中“钨钼伴生中回收低品位白钨资源”项目达到国际先进水平。

The technologies, like the great breakthrough of wolframite and scheelite dressing, popularization of the technology of scheelite recovery and the mixed flotation dressing, and the application of the strong magnetic separator all have been promoting China’s dressing technology development. Among them, the Project, Recovery of Low-grade Scheelite Resources in Tungsten and Molybdenum, has reached the advanced level of international standard.

在钨的冶炼方面形成了完备的工艺体系，新工艺、新技术层出不穷。APT离子交换工艺处于世界领先水平;一批钨冶炼厂直接用低品位黑白钨矿物原料和含钨废料生产高纯APT的技术日趋成熟。粗、中、细粒级及超细钨粉、纳米钨粉、超细纳米碳化钨粉的生产技术也达到了国际先进水平。

It formed a complete technology system in the smelting area of tungsten, new techniques and new technology emerged one after another. APT ion exchange process was in the world leading level; A number of tungsten smelters possessed the mature technology in producing purest APT with low-grade black-and-white tungsten-containing mineral raw materials and waste production. The production technology in coarse, medium, fine and superfine grade tungsten powder, nano-tungsten powder and ultrafine nano -tungsten carbide powder, has also reached the advanced international standard.

中国硬质合金生产起始于1948年，50多年来经历了由小到大，技术装备不断创新的发展过程，现已成为世界硬质合金生产大国。目前硬质合金年生产量达到1.5-1.8万吨。株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司2002年投产的数控刀片生产线达到了当代硬质合金生产先进水平。

China’s cemented carbide production started in 1948. After more than 50-year development process in the production scale and continuously innovative technology and equipment, it has become the world carbide producing country. The annual carbide output currently reaches 1.5-1.8 million tons. In 2002, the NC blade production line of Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tools Co., Ltd., which put into production in 2002, has reached the contemporary advanced level in the carbide production.

中国的钨材加工业底子薄、起步晚， 20世纪70年代中期才进入规模发展阶段。目前厦门虹鹭钨钼工业有限公司等国内一些骨干企业的技术装备及在掺杂钨丝制取方面的主流技术已达到世界先进水平，并研究开发了微波炉用灯丝、彩电用灯丝。

China Tungsten processing industry had a weak foundation, started late, and entered scale development stage only in mid-1970s. Currently, Xiamen Honglu Tungsten & Molybdenum Industrial Company and some other domestic backbone enterprises have reached the world"s advanced level in the technical equipment and the preparation mainstream technology of doping tungsten filament, and have researched and developed of the filament with microwave ovens or color television.

2005年3月28日，国家科技奖励大会在人民大会堂隆重举行，空缺六年的国家技术发明奖一等奖，由中国工程院院士、中南大学校长黄伯云完成的“高性能炭/炭航空制动材料的制备技术”摘取。李正邦院士的白钨炼钢熔融还原工艺列入国家863项目，被“世界金属导报”评为2003年十大要闻。

On March 28, 2005, the state awards ceremony on science and technology was held in the Great Hall of the People. Huang Boyun, the Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the President of Central South University vacancies,was awarded the first prize for the completed "the high-performance cazrbon / carbon brake materials aviation preparation technology", which had been vacant for six years. The white tungsten steel smelting reduction process by the academician Li Zhengbang was listed in the national 863 project, and was named as “Ten Highlights in the Year of 2003” by "World Metal Guide".

中国钨业是世界钨业不可分割的一部分，焕发出巨大活力的中国钨业正以积极的心态、广博的胸怀参与世界交流与合作，互惠互利，共谋发展。一大批世界知名钨企业进入中国，其中山德维克公司进驻上海；美国肯纳在天津开发区建立中国刀具生产基地；日本东芝在赣州建立钨丝生产基地；台湾春保钨钢集团在厦门投资硬质合金生产线等。

China tungsten industry, as an essential part of the world tungsten industry, has regained its great vitality and is eager to participate in exchanges and cooperation in the world. China tungsten industry is to go out with a positive attitude, inviting others with broad mind, seeking equal cooperation, mutual benefit, and common development. SANDVIK entering Shanghai, the cutting tool production base in Tianjin Development Zone by Kennametal, a tungsten filament production base in Ganzhou by Toshiba, a hard alloy production line in Xiamen by CB Carbide, all these are good examples.

目前，中国钨的储藏量、生产量、出口量和消费量均居世界第一。

China"s tungsten industry tops world in reserves, production, exports and consumption at present.

时间的长河奔流不息，历史的车轮始终向前。

The river of time flows endlessly and the wheel of history rolls on.

回眸逝去的岁月，我们有许多感慨，也有一些遗憾；展望未来的愿景，我们有许多豪情，更有许多责任。让我们以世界的视野、战略的高度，把握新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，为世界钨业美好的明天而努力奋斗！

In retrospect, we sigh with the deep feeling, leaving behind some regrets; looking ahead, we’re full of confidence, even with more responsibilities to take. With a world-wide perspective on strategic height, let’s seize the new opportunities, meet the new challenges and strive for the bright prospect of the world tungsten industry.