钨都百年巡礼

100-YEAR Celebration of Ganzhou Tungsten Industry

序

提起石油，人们就会瞩目中东；提起有色金属钨，世界的目光就会聚焦赣州,赣州是中国钨业的发祥地。

Ganzhou, being the birth place of Chinese tungsten industry, is extremely rich in tungsten source. So when tungsten is talked about, people will naturally focus their eyes on Ganzhou, just like that oil will remind people of Middle East.

物以稀为贵。钨，是一种宝贵的具有战略意义的稀有金属。据测算，钨在地壳中的含量仅为百万分之一，值得庆幸的是，钨竞奇迹般大量聚集在中国。我国钨的储量约占全世界总储量的65%，居世界各国之首，中国是当之无愧的钨的王国。而赣南地层中钨的富集为世界地层钨平均值1.33ppm的7倍以上，高达9.53—12ppm，钨矿储量及钨精矿的产量均占全国30%，其中高品质黑钨保有储量占全国同类矿的70%，世界的60%；于是赣州，成为誉满五洲的“世界钨都”。

Tungsten, as a rare and refractory metal, is an important strategically metal. As estimated the tungsten content in stratum is only I in the grade of ppm. But it is very rich in China. 65% of total tungsten deposit in the world is in China. It ranks the first in the world. From stratigraphical analysis the tungsten content in stratum of Ganzhou is 9.53-12 ppm and this is more than 7 times over the world average value of 1.33 ppm. The deposit of tungsten and the output of tungsten concentrate in Ganzhou, each take 30% that of total in China. Among them the deposit of high grade wolframite takes as much as 70% that of total in China and 60% in the world. So Ganzhou is called as “Tungsten capital of the world”.

无论是在革命战争年代还是在社会主义建设时期，赣州钨业为中国革命的胜利和社会主义建设作出过巨大的贡献。一百年来，赣州钨业走过了从无到有、从小到大的风雨历程，改革开放以来，特别是进入新世纪以来，随着“对接长珠闽，建设新赣州”战略决策的深入实施、“十大体系”建设全面推进，赣州钨业在企业机制、竞争格局、深度加工等方面都发生了历史性的变化,已成为全市工业第一个年产值超百亿的支柱产业，实现了从钨矿生产大市向钨冶炼产品生产大市的提升，进入到了资源整合、企业重组、结构优化和产业升级的新阶段。赣州钨工业的发展是赣州经济高速发展的一个缩影。

Tungsten industry in Ganzhou has contributed greatly to the social and economical construction of China either before or after the establishment of the PRC. It’s a centurial hardship for tungsten industry in Ganzhou experiencing the development stage from nothing to powerful, from little to large. After tens of years’ construction and developing, a great change has been taken place in Ganzhou and its tungsten industry has become the first main industry branch whose sales value is more than RMB10 billion. Ganzhou is transferred from main production area of tungsten concentrate to that of metallurgical products and is now transferring to that of value added tungsten products. The fast development of tungsten industry in recent years is only one example for the rapid economical development of Ganzhou.

前 言

Preface

赣州位于中国江西省的南部，赣江源头，东邻武夷山脉，西靠罗霄山脉的诸广山及南岭山脉的大庚岭，北侧为雩山山脉，具备独特的地质结构和有利的成矿条件，蕴育了丰富的有色金属矿产，特别是钨矿资源得天独厚，极其丰富，且资源赋存状态好，品质高，享有“世界钨都”的美誉。

Ganzhou is located in the south of Jiangxi province and the headstream of Gan River in China. Luo Xiao, Nan Lin and Wuyi Mountains join here. It has a very special geological structure and favorable conditions for the formation of minerals. It is rich in non-ferrous metals, especially in tungsten. GanZhou is called “The Tungsten Capital of the World” for its high-grade tungsten resource.

赣州是中国钨业的发祥地，从1907年在大余西华山发现钨至今，已整整经历了一百年。在这短暂而又漫长的百年当中，赣州钨业有过沧桑，也有过辉煌，可以说中国钨业乃至世界钨业的发展无不深深地打上赣州的烙印。

GanZhou is the birthplace of tungsten in China. It has been 100 years since tungsten was discovered in Xihuashan mine in 1907 in Dayu. In these 100 years, Ganzhou made great efforts in the development of tungsten industry. So it has been playing an important role in China and even in the world tungsten industry.

经过近几十年的建设和发展，赣州已经形成了包括矿山开采、冶炼加工、产品检测、研发设计以及教育培训等较为完整的钨产业体系，并成为了我市工业的支柱产业，全省乃至全国钨及钨冶炼产品的主产区、集散地。近年来，赣州市委、市政府高度重视钨产业的发展，不断加大资源整合和结构调整的力度，一批钨加工企业快速成长，开创了全市钨业发展的崭新局面。

Through the development of recent several decades, Gan Zhou has become a distributing centre of tungsten products in Jiangxi and even in China. In recent years, a number of tungsten enterprises have developed rapidly with GanZhou government’s encouragement and support. Tungsten industry in Ganzhou has entered a new developing stage.

今年，恰逢赣州钨业也是中国钨业的百年纪念，回眸百年历程，总结百年变迁，赣州将与时俱进，开拓创新，努力实现钨业更高目标。

The year of 2007 is the centennial of tungsten industry in Ganzhou and in China. We will look back on the history and the development of the tungsten industry in the one hundred years, and strive for its higher level by innovation.

回眸篇

The Back-View

       一、钨的发现与发展初期（1907-1949年）

I. The discovery and early development of tungsten （1907-1949）

◆1907年，大余县天主教福音堂德国传教士邬利亨发现西华山有钨，由此西华山成为中国最早发现钨的地方，并开始了中国钨矿的开采历史。从1907年到1914年，年产钨砂量不过20吨，仅占世界产量的0.24%左右。1917年，大余县的荡坪、洪水寨、漂塘、下垄、崇义县的扬眉寺、全南县的大吉山、定南县的岿美山、上犹县的中稍等地相继被发现有钨砂，并民采，钨砂进入了盛采期。到1918年，赣州钨砂产量超过1万吨，占全世界总产量约60%。其后，于都铁山垅、盘古山、赣县大埠又相继发现钨砂，并民采。赣州丰富的钨矿资源引起了当时国民政府的高度重视，一方面把赣州钨砂的运销权承包给了由华记等七家商号联合组成的利济公司，年缴钨矿税22万元；另一方面派江西建设厅地质矿业调查所到西华山、盘古山等矿区调查，历时五个月，于1929年编写出《赣南地质矿产调查报告》，这是赣州第一部有关钨的地质报告。

The German missionary Mr. Wilhelm discovered tungsten in 1907 in Mount Xihua of Ganzhou where is the first place that tungsten was discovered in China. It was from then on that China’s history of extracting tungsten began. From 1907 to 1914, the annual output of tungsten ore was less than 20 tons, only accounting for about 0.24% of the world’s output. In 1917, tungsten ore was discovered in Dayu, Chongyi, Quannan, Dingnan and Shangyou County. The local people started mining tungsten ore. By 1918, the output of Ganzhou’s tungsten ore was more than 10,000 tons, taking up 60% of the whole world’s output. Afterwards, tungsten ore was discovered in Yudu and Ganxian. The government then paid great attention to the abundant tungsten resources in Ganzhou. In 1929, the first official geology report on tungsten, Gannan Geology and Mineral Survey Report was composed in Ganzhou.

◆在第二次国内革命战争时期，中华苏维埃共和国中央临时政府于1932年在于都铁山垅成立了中华钨砂公司，辖铁山垅钨矿和白鹅洗砂厂等生产单位，并由国家银行行长毛泽民兼任公司总经理。当时中央临时政府共获得钨砂7890吨，是政府财政的主要来源，创造了620多万元的财富，换回了大量的药品、食盐和武器，对粉碎蒋介石对苏区的军事围剿和经济封锁起了十分重要的作用。

In 1932, China Tungsten Ore Company was founded in Yudu. Central bank president Mao Zemin was appointed as the general manager. The company supplied 7,890 tons of tungsten concentrate, which was the main source of the financial income of RMB 6.2 million. It contributed greatly to the social development at that time.

◆抗日战争时期，国民政府资源委员会对钨等一些特种矿产实行了统一收购制度，在赣州成立了资源委员会钨业管理处，并从德国进口了干式磁选机，安装在大余，集中精选高锡钨；同时还引进了柴油发电机组发电，开创了赣南钨矿山的用电之始。1940年，国民政府向美国借款2500万美元，其中议定以赣州钨砂偿还，可以说赣州的钨砂在一定程度上增强了国民政府的军事和经济实力，为坚持8年抗战起到了一定的积极作用。

In later 1930s, the KMT government carried out the system of state -monopoly purchase and marketing of tungsten mines and set up a tungsten administrative office of resource committee in Ganzhou. A magnetic separator was imported from Germany to dress high-tin tungsten. To some degree, Tungsten mines in Ganzhou played an active role in enhancing the economic strength.

◆抗日战争胜利后，赣州的钨企业部分引进了简单的机械化生产，这包括1946年2月在赣州三康庙创办的磁选厂及1947年在大吉山安装的225匹柴油发电机组和75匹电动压风机，并使用了“浅孔留矿法”采矿。

In 1940s, tungsten factories in Ganzhou started its mechanizing production. Some simple technologies were adopted in production.

◆在地质找矿方面，地质部门先后编写了《赣南钨矿志》、《江西南部钨矿地质志》、《江西之钨业的过去与现在》、《江西之钨业意见与批评》、《兴国县画眉坳钨矿调查报告》及《赣南钨矿深度研究报告》等一系列有关赣州钨矿地质资料。

As to the geology exploration, the geology institute successively compiled "Gannan Tungsten Mine Records", “The past and present of Jiangxi Tungsten Industry", "Deep Research of Gannan Tungsten Mine" and so on.

在这一时期，赣州钨业仅仅停留在钨矿开采业上，且基本上还是手工作业为主，冶炼加工几乎一片空白，矿工苦不堪言。这一时期累计生产钨精矿约25万吨。

In this period, the output was 250,000 tons of concentrate, which were mainly produced by handwork.

二、赣州钨工业基础建设时期（1949年-1981年）

II. The basic construction of tungsten industry in Ganzhou（1949 -1981）

◆矿山建设

◆Mining area

新中国成立后，国家对赣州的钨矿生产非常重视，于1950年成立了中南重工业部有色金属管理总局，并设江西分局赣南区管理处，陆续将大吉山、岿美山、盘古山、画眉坳等民窿收回国营。1950年10月，赣州第一座机械选矿厂（125吨/日处理合格矿）在大吉山破土动工。1953年，国家将大吉山、西华山、岿美山及与之配套的上犹江水电站列为第一个五年计划156项重点工程项目。1954年，国家计委批准了大吉山钨矿、西华山钨矿的扩建设计任务书及岿美山钨矿的设计计划任务书，生产能力分别为1600吨/日处理矿石、1785吨/日处理矿石、1560吨/日处理矿石。同年，大余洪水寨钨矿、荡坪钨矿、铁山垅钨矿、上坪钨矿、漂塘钨矿、大埠钨矿相继建立，大吉山钨矿窿内主要工序实现机械化作业。从1955年起，各钨矿开始在井下推广湿式风钻凿岩和机械通风，逐步全面实现机械化生产；并逐步完善通风防尘、减尘、降尘综合措施，保障职工身体健康，1975年5月23日，人民日报、中央人民广播电台报道下垄钨矿连续20年没有发现矽肺病。

After the year of 1949, Chinese government put great importance on tungsten mine production in Ganzhou. The non-ferrous metal general administration of heavy industry ministry was set up in 1950, with Jiangxi sub-bureau and southern Jiangxi area administrative office in Ganzhou. Daji Mountain, Guimei Mountain, Pangu Mountain and many other mines became state-operated. In October, 1950, the first automated dressing plant (125T per day) was started to be built in Daji Mountain. In 1953, Daji, Xihua, Guimei mines and Shangyou hydraulic power station were listed in the 156 national projects in the first 5-year plan. In 1954, the government approved the expansion of Daji and Xihua and the design of Guimei, with respective processing ability of 1600T/day, 1785T/day, 1560T/day. In Daji mine, main production line was automated. In the same year in Dayu county, Hong Shui, Dang Ping ...mines were built. Since 1955, all mines started to use wet drill and fan ventilation to improve automation level and protect miners’ health. In May 23, 1975, the national news paper “People’s Daily” and Central Radio reported no silicosis had been found for 20 years.

进入50年代末期，赣州地方钨矿山陆续兴办。最早兴办是1958年由铁山垅钨矿下放的会昌白鹅民窿站及于都小溪民窿站，并先后成立了全南县钨矿、会昌县白鹅钨铜矿、大余县钨矿、信丰县钨矿、安远县钨矿、赣县钨矿和南康县钨矿。此时，赣州钨业形成了以中央九大统配钨矿为主，县办国营钨矿为辅的共同发展局面。

By the end of 50s, the local government started to operate tungsten mines. Tungsten industry in Ganzhou was combined by local and state-operated mines.

这一期间，赣州钨矿山涌现出大批先进集体和劳动模范，如盘古山钨矿董存瑞青年采矿小组被誉为“开发矿区的尖兵”，成为中国钨业战线的一名红旗。

There appeared many advanced collectives and individuals in this period.

在这30多年中，赣州钨矿山共生产钨精矿57万吨，其中中央统配矿山52万吨，地方钨矿5万吨。

During the 30 years, 570,000 tons of tungsten concentrate were supplied.

◆地质勘查

◆Exploration

在建设钨矿山的同时，国家加强了对赣州钨资源的地质勘查工作。1952年，由中央重工业部有色金属工业管理局勘探队、中南地质局勘查大队联合组成地质勘探大队分批进入西华山、大吉山、岿美山、盘古山和漂塘矿区勘探。随后，国家先后成立了908、909地质勘探大队、赣州有色冶金勘察二队和赣南地质调查大队等一批专业勘探队伍，在赣州先后探明大型钨矿床6处：即西华山、大吉山、盘古山漂塘、黄沙（铁山垅）、画眉坳；中型钨矿床17处：即左拔、梓斗、岿美山、上坪、黄婆地、九龙脑、淘锡坑、樟东坑、大坪、官山、荡坪、大龙山、白石山、洪水寨、下垄、茅坪、木梓园；小型钨矿床20处；同时发现小矿点近200处。

The state also put emphasis on tungsten resource exploration. No.908 and 909 geologic exploration teams were established in 1952. There were 6 large tungsten deposits (Xihuashan, Dajishan, Pangushan, Tieshanlong, Piaotang, Huamei’ao), 17 middle deposits and 20 small deposits and other 200 smaller tungsten containing mines in Ganzhou.

◆冶炼加工及配套产业

◆Smelting, processing and related industries

1952年，大余炼锡厂采用烧结法分解含WO320-30%的炼锡炉渣，成功地生产出合成白钨，由此揭开了赣州钨冶炼的序幕。

In 1952, Dayu Tin Plant produced composed scheelite successfully by using sintering method.

1958年，赣州精选厂建成投产。1963年以后，进一步发展到生产钨酸、钨酸钠、仲钨酸铵、钨粉、碳化钨粉、硬质合金等。

In 1958, Ganzhou Concentration Plant was established and started its production. After 1963, tungstic acid, APT, W powder, WC powder and cemented carbide could be produced too.

随后赣州八0一厂生产出“伞牌”仲钨酸铵产品远销日、美、英、法等国。

这一期间赣州钨冶炼产品产量很小，年总产量不到2000吨。

Then “Umbrella” brand APT produced by Ganzhou 801 Factory was sold to Japan, US, UK and France. But the output of the tungsten products was still less than 2,000 tons.

赣州钨工业的起步与发展，带动了矿山机械、冶金机械和火药加工业的建设。赣州从一家修配厂发展到包括赣州冶金机械厂、赣州矿山机械厂在内的10家独立机械厂和17家厂矿附属机械厂（车间），为赣州和全国各地提供了用于采矿的凿岩机、吊罐、空压机、锻钎机、电机车和用于选矿的破碎机、对锟机、球（棒）磨机、螺旋分级机、摇床和磁选机等成套设备。以赣州有色冶金化工厂（803厂）为主的10家火药厂（其中9家为矿山附属厂）生产出各类炸药近14万吨。

Ganzhou tungsten industry stimulated the development of mining equipment, meltallurgical equipment. Starting with only one repair factory, at present Ganzhou has 10 machine factories including metallurgy machine factory and mining machine factory, plus 17 machine factories owned by mines. The metallurygy chemical factories, led by 803 Factory, produced over 14t of all types of explosives.

◆教育与科研

◆Education and Scientific Research

在赣州，与有色工业互为条件、互为促进的教育与科研事业得到了同步发展。1958年，冶金工业部在赣州创办了江西冶金学院（现江西理工大学），随后，地矿部在赣州设立了江西地质学校（现江西应用工程学院）。1952年，中南重工业部有色金属总局江西分局矿冶实验所（现赣州有色冶金研究所）在赣州成立。

In Ganzhou, education and research institutes for non-ferrous industry were well developed. In 1958, metallurgical ministry established Jiangxi metallurgical college (now Jiangxi University of Science and Technology). Afterwards, the Geology Ministry established Jiangxi Geology College.

三、赣州钨工业的发展时期（1981 -2000年）

III. Development of tungsten industry in Ganzhou (1981-2000)

这20年正值我国改革开放逐步深入的20年，也是赣州钨工业体制改革和冶炼加工发展的重要时期。

The 20 years, when the Chinese opening and reform went deeper, was also an important period for the development of tungsten industrial system and tungsten processing in Ganzhou.

◆1981年11月，第一次全国钨业科技大会在大余西华山钨矿召开，时任国务院副总理方毅同志到会作了重要讲话，并题词“振兴钨业”，会议还提出了“开发应用、向深加工领域发展”的奋斗目标。

◆In Nov. 1981, the first national science conference of tungsten industry was held in Xihuashan tungsten mine of Dayu County. Mr. Fang Yi, the vice-premier at that time, made an important speech and presented his inscription “making efforts to develop tungsten industry”. Developing new applications and leading to the downstream products processing have been presented in this conference.

◆1984年，赣州钨钼材料厂投产，引进日本技术，生产出了钨粉、棒、丝等产品。这期间，大余冶金化工厂、崇义冶金化工厂等一批地方矿产品加工厂陆续建成投产。

◆In 1984, Ganzhou Tungsten and Molybdenum Materials Factory was into production. By importing the technologies from Janpan, it developed tungsten powder, sintered bar, wire etc.. In the same year, some local tungsten metallurgy factories were set up and went into production.

◆80年代中末期，在“大矿大开，小矿放开，有水快流，国家，集体，个人一齐上”的错误主张影响下，赣州钨业陷入了乱采滥挖，产量失控，走私贩私，无序竞争的混乱局面。

◆During the middle and late 1980s, without control from the government, Ganzhou tungsten industry resulted in the situations of illegal exploration and mining, losing control of quality, smuggle and out-of-order competition.

◆90年代初，受国际市场的影响，钨精矿价格大大低于开采成本，赣州钨矿企业一片萧条，新建的钨冶炼企业也陷入了困境。

◆At the beginning of 1990s, the price of tungsten was much less than the cost of mining. Ganzhou tungsten industry got into depression. Some newly-built tungsten smelting enterprises also met great trouble.

◆90年代中后期，随着国企改革的不断深化，民营企业开始并购重组赣州一些经营困难、濒临倒闭的地方国有钨矿和钨冶炼厂，新的机制使企业开始重现生机。2000年，赣州钨工业规模以上钨企业生产钨精矿22553吨，实现销售收入7.07亿元，实现利税4372万元。

◆In the middle and late 1990s, as reformation going further, the private companies began their business in tungsten industry. Many companies and mines which were near to bankruptcy were merged and reorganized. Since then on, enterprises have been going better. In 2000, Ganzhou tungsten mines produced tungsten concentrate 22553 tons, and their sales value reached RMB 707 million and tax RMB 43.72 million.

现实篇

The Present

一、整合与发展

I. Reformation and development

2000年下半年起，赣州市有关部门根据国家对钨行业综合治理的一系列文件精神，针对全市钨产业“低小散乱”以及全行业亏损的状况，做了大量的调查研究工作，市政府于2001年初作出了《关于对全市钨业整合的决定》（赣市府发[2001]1号），至此赣州钨工业走上了从资源整合到产业发展的崛起之路。

Since the second half of 2000, according to the policy and plans of reformation for the whole national tungsten industries, Ganzhou city government has carried out a comprehensive research and made a decision to merge and reorganize the industry and, distributed it as a policy to the local governments to enforce. Therefore, Ganzhou tungsten industry turned to the right way of conforming resources to develop the whole industry.  

1、打击非法开采，整顿矿业秩序

1. Control the mining order by prohibiting illegal exploitation activities

几年来，赣州下大气力在全市范围内全面清理非法采矿活动，对乱采滥挖非常严重的大余西华山、定南岿美山、崇义柯树岭等一批钨矿区采取了停水、停电、停供火工产品等有力措施，清理民采人员下山几千人，取缔非法采矿点百余处，促使这些矿区停产整顿，恢复有序开采。同时，对资源枯竭、越界开采、存在安全隐患的十几家矿山予以关闭；对一证多点、承包租赁的矿山进行清理，钨矿山持有的93本采矿证减少为66本。

For many years, Ganzhou government took effective measures to clean up illegal mining activities by stopping the supply of power, water and relevant mining materials to some mines, driving out thousands of illegally mining workers from mines, canceling hundreds of illegal mining places, and closing dozens of mines which were over-mined, cross-border-mined, and danger-hidden. Status of many mines sharing the same license and renting mines were held back. Thus the tungsten industry has been kept in order.

经过大力整治，我市钨矿山乱采滥挖的问题已经得到基本解决，矿业秩序有了根本好转。赣州还认真执行国家下达的钨精矿年度开采计划，采取钨精矿生产配额管理、公安部门批供火工产品、矿产资源管理部门办理准运手续等措施，严格控制生产总量，做到了钨精矿产量6年多来逐年稳中有降。

After effectively straightening, the problems of disordered mining have been solved basically, the orders of mining turned better. Ganzhou government strictly executed the national policy and yearly plan for tungsten concentrate producing by adopting measures of managing tungsten quota, controlling the supply of detonator materials, approving the confidential of artificial person and controlling the output strictly.

2、运用市场机制、优化资源配置；

2. Set up marketing system to make better use of resources

赣州依照国家法律法规，从采矿权、探矿权入手，整合钨矿资源，规范开采秩序。2003年8月，大余县作为全市试点对县属12个钨矿采矿权采取招拍挂的办法，依法向社会公开拍卖。目前，赣州地方钨矿采矿权全部实施了有偿转让，使得矿山职工得到顺利安置；采矿权人对资源十分珍惜，矿山回收率和企业效益明显提高，形成了一个个基础扎实，延伸发展的平台。我市几个较大的钨冶炼加工企业都配套建有钨矿山，为后续发展提供了资源保障。

According to the national laws and rules, Ganzhou government conformed to the resources and standardized the mining of tungsten by approving the confidential of mineral mining and exploring. In Aug. 2003, as an experiment, Dayu government auctioned 12 tungsten mining licenses in public and made great success. So far, all mining licenses of Ganzhou have been auctioned and atoned beneficially; mining workers were re-employed; the resources were cherished and utilized more efficiently; benefits of enterprises increased obviously. And a developing platform of well-knit basis has formed. Some tungsten metallurgy enterprises had their own mines, which ensured their further development with resources.

3、加强行业管理，强化企业自律

Strengthen management and enhance enterprises self-discipline

继2004年10月 “中国钨工业发展战略论坛” 在湖南长沙召开之后，同年12月，赣州市政府召开了“中国·赣州钨业发展战略研讨会”，会议期间代表们对我国钨工业的可持续发展提出了许多科学合理的建议。2005年1-5月，钨矿价格从每吨2.5万元一路攀升至每吨13.5万元，由此开始走向钨矿的价值回归。两年多来，钨精矿价格一直维持在每吨10万元左右，市场定价的话语权已开始由下游转向上游，由国外转向国内。

Following the Forum on Development Strategies for Chinese Tungsten Industry held in Oct. 2004, in Changsha, Hunan Province, a seminar on development strategies for tungsten industry in Ganzhou, China, was hosted by Ganzhou government. Representatives presented many practical and scientific proposals. From Jan. to May of 2005, the price of tungsten concentrate increased from RMB ￥25,000 to RMB ￥135,000 per ton and kept at a steady status. Since 2004, the price of tungsten concentrate has kept at around RMB ￥100,000 per ton.

2005年12月，赣州钨企业联合成立了赣州市钨业协会，制定和实施全市钨行业自律条约和联合报价制度，形成了一个团结协作的行业联合体，共同维护市场秩序。

In Dec. 2005, Ganzhou Tungsten Industry Association was founded. It gives the same offer to the market and tries to keep the market in order. The tungsten industry has gotten a situation of cooperation, self-discipline.

2006年9月，赣州市副市长刘琮率领赣州钨企业代表团赴美国波士顿参加国际钨协第十九次年会，并作了《赣州市钨业及其发展》的演讲，把赣州钨业推向世界。

 In Sept. 2006, Mr. Liu Cong, the vice mayor of Ganzhou government, led the delegation from Ganzhou tungsten enterprises to attend the 19th annual meeting hosted by International Association of Tungsten Industry, held in Boston, USA. He gave a speech of “ Ganzhou tungsten industry and its development”, which introduced Ganzhou tungsten industry to the world.

4、推动企业整合，促进产业发展

4、Promote the reform of enterprises and develop tungsten industry

◆国有大企业实施购并重组。2002年中国五矿集团有色股份公司与江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团合作，组建并控股了江西钨业集团有限公司。江西钨业集团有限公司的大部分的矿山和冶炼企业在赣州是以钨为主导产品的国有大型综合性集团公司，在国内外市场具有重要影响。

◆As state-owned enterprises reforming, China Minmetals Non-ferrous Metals Co. Ltd. cooperated with Jiangxi Rare Earth and Rare Metals Tungsten Group Corporation and set up a joint venture, Jiangxi Tungsten Group Co. Ltd. in 2002. As a comprehensive group company, most of its mines and smelting companies all have tungsten as their main business area and have a good reputation both in domestic and foreign markets.

江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团公司分别与海内外相关企业合资合作，相继成立了江西东芝电子材料有限公司、江西鑫盛钨业公司、赣州远驰新材料公司和江钨友泰钨业有限公司等，老企业焕发了生机活力。

Jiangxi Rare Earth and Rare Metals Tungsten Group Corp. has also established some other cooperated companies like Jiangxi TOSHIBA Electro Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Co., Ltd., Ganzhou Yuanchi New Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Youtai Tungsten Co., Ltd., and so on. Old enterprises radiate great vitality.

厦门钨业集团公司投资控股了赣州钨钼材料厂，组建赣州虹飞钨钼材料有限公司，目前已退城进园并开发和生产新产品。

Xiamen Tungsten Group Corp. invested and held shares of Ganzhou Tungsten and Molybdenum Materials Factory to form Ganzhou Hongfei Tungsten and Molybdenum Materials Co., Ltd. The new company has moved to the industrial zone and begins to develop and produce new products.

◆民营和股份制企业异军突起。在赣州钨冶炼加工的总产能中，民营和股份制企业的产能约占80%以上。其中有：集采选冶加一条龙、科工贸一体化的崇义章源钨制品有限公司；与上市公司天津特精股份有限公司合作的赣州特精钨钼业公司；到国外、省外开矿，与市外、境外企业合作冶炼加工的赣县世瑞矿产品有限公司；依托资源优势、正在向深加工延伸的江西耀升工贸发展有限公司等。这些企业在中国钨业界崭露头角，占有一席之地，是赣州钨产业的生力军，已具有很强的生命力和发展潜力。他们当中的杰出代表崇义章源公司董事长黄泽兰于2004年被评为“全国劳动模范”。

◆The private and shareholding enterprises prospect in Ganzhou, whose production occupied 80% of that in the whole tungsten metallurgy and processing industry. There are Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. whose business covers mining, dressing, metallurgy, down stream products processing, research and development, import and export; Ganzhou Tejing Tungsten and Molybdenum Company which cooperated with the stock listed company of Tianjin Tejing Material Co., Ltd.; Ganxian Shirui Mineral Co., Ltd. which cooperated with foreign companies to do mining in the other province and even abroad; Jiangxi Yaosheng Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. which based on the resources to extend the down stream products processing. These companies are vivid with much more potential of development and find their own position in Chinese tungsten industry as well as become the leading force of Ganzhou tungsten industry. As an outstanding representative, Mr. Huang Zelan, the president of Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd., was elected as a national model.

5、加大矿产勘查，奠定资源基础

5、Promote exploration mineral and get more resources

近年来，赣州将探矿权推向商业化运作，鼓励企业投资风险勘探。通过地质调查部门和企业投入大量资金进行地质勘查，赣州钨资源储量得到大幅提升。2004年6月，国家地质调查局在赣州召开了“赣南钨矿找矿战略部署研讨会”，确定赣州为国家钨矿找矿的战略地区，国土资源部拨专款启动赣州新一轮找矿工作；中国地质科学院在赣州成立了地质研究基地和博士后工作站，研究特殊地质结构条件下钨的成矿规律，使我市资源勘查工作有了人才和技术的强大支撑。

During these years, the exploration of minerals has been commercialized in Ganzhou. The government encourages enterprises to invest in it. Through minerals exploration carried out by geological survey department and companies, the deposit of tungsten in Ganzhou has been proved much bigger than ever before. In June of 2004, China Geological Survey Bureau held the Strategic Seminar on Gannan geological exploitaion Plan, and confirmed Ganzhou as the national strategic area of tungsten exploration. A new project of mineral exploration was launched and supported financially by the Ministry of Land and Resource. A geological research base and post-doctorial work station were set up here by Chinese Academy of Geological Science. They are studying the regulation of tungsten formation on the conditions of special structure. This is a good basis of talents and technologies for minerals exploration.

二、资源状况

II. The Resource Situation

赣州市地处我国重要金属成矿区带--南岭成矿带的东段，有南岭山脉和罗霄山脉两大山脉在此交汇，具有非常独特的地质结构。正是由于这种独特的地质结构，使赣州成为了世界著名的钨矿聚集区，已探明有一定储量的矿区106处，钨矿资源保有储量占全国的30%左右。

Nanling Mountain and Luoxiao Mountain join up in Ganzhou. The eastern part of Nanling metallogenitic belt is in Ganzhou, which is one of the most important tungsten metallogentic belts in China. This unique and complex geological structure makes Ganzhou a famous area of tungsten resources in the world, reserves106 mining areas and more than 30%of total reserves of China. 

赣州的钨矿藏具有储量集中、矿床类型多、矿石质量好、伴生组分多等特点。据统计，赣南地层中钨的富集为9.53 ppm，部分地层高达12ppm以上，为世界地层中钨平均值1.3 ppm的7倍以上。矿床类型有石英脉型、矽卡岩型、岩体型、云英岩型、砂矿型等，其中石英脉型钨矿床之多、规模之大，为我国乃至世界之最。矿石类型最主要的是质量优良的黑钨矿，该类矿石品位较富，可选性好，大多为易选矿石，选矿回收率大于85%。钨矿床中已查明的主要伴生元素和矿物有锡、钼、铋、铜、铅、锌、银、铍、铌、钽、稀土、锂、水晶、萤石等，这些矿物一般均可以回收利用。

Tungsten reserves in Ganzhou are characterized by concentrated reserves, various kings of ore deposits, high quality ore, many associated minerals. From stratigraphical analysis the average tungsten content in stratum of Ganzhou is 9.53ppm, somewhere more than 12ppm. This is more than 7 times over the world average value of 1.3 ppm. Ore deposit forms include quartz-cassiterite vein, stratiform vein ,meta-sand rock etc. Among them quartz cassiterite vein with its deposit scale and reserve volume ,is the largest one in China or even in the world .As main kind of tungsten ore , wolfamite of high quality is with high grade and easy to dress. The recovery of dressing is generally more than 85%.The associated minerals of tungsten ore deposits: tin, molybdenum, bismuth, copper, lead, zinc, silver and beryllium, niobium, tantalum, rare earth, lithium, crystal, fluorite and so on ,could be all recovered and made use of .

根据我市钨矿成矿机理和特定的围岩条件，地质工作者创立了脉钨矿床“五层楼”、“七层楼”模式，即由地表向深部依次为：微细线脉组成的标志带、细脉带、细脉-薄脉混合带、薄脉带、大脉带。该模式在地质勘查、矿山开发方面发挥了重要的指导作用，使黑钨矿的找矿远景再次打开。预计今后5年内我市新增资源储量将是目前保有储量的2倍，毫无疑问，赣州的钨资源具有巨大的潜力和美好的前景。

Based on the regularity of tungsten ore formation and special geologic structure in Ganzhou, geologists have found the so called ‘5-layer structure ’and ‘7-layer structure ’model for the vein type tungsten deposits,especially for wolframite. This means that from surface to depth of earth stratum the vein gets larger and the vein type changes in order of ‘mark belt made of super fine linear veins –fine veins belt –fine and thin veins mixed belt –thin veins belt –large veins belt’. These models have played an important role in research and development of geological survey and mining. It is forecasted that in the next 5 years the tungsten reserves newly found in Ganzhou will be 2 times of the reserves today .Tungsten resources in Ganzhou are sure to have huge potential and bright future.

三、   产业状况

III Industry State

◆钨矿业

Tungsten Mining

至2006年末，全市有钨矿山企业53个，其中省属钨矿企业9个，地方钨矿企业44个。钨矿开采能力600万吨/年，选矿能力500万吨/年。从1949年至今赣州累计生产钨精矿近120万吨，约占全国同期总产量的49%。赣州钨矿山从上世纪80年代起，纷纷投入资金进行科技攻关，试验推广最新选别工艺，不断改进选矿流程，科学合理配备选矿剂，如今的矿山几乎都能从钨矿中普遍回收共、伴生的锡、铜、钼、铋、锌、硫等副产品，且回收率大有提高，2006年综合回收产值约10亿元，占钨矿山的总产值10%左右。矿山生态环境通过综合治理，也有了较大的改进和提高。

Until the end of 2006, there are 53 Tungsten Mine Enterprises in Ganzhou. The yearly ore mining capacity is 6 million tons and ore processing capacity 5 million tons. Ganzhou has supplied about 1.2 million tons of tungsten concentrate since 1949, which is 49% of the total output in China. From 1980s, the recovery of tungsten mines has been improved a lot by importing new technologies. In 2006, the recovery value was about 1 billion RMB, which is 10% of the total value of Tungsten mine. Ecological environment in tungsten mines has been improved a lot by comprehensive treatment.

赣州对钨矿实行了保护性开采，严格执行国家生产配额，钨矿产量从2000年占全国50%，下降为30%，做到了钨矿产量稳中有降；同时，赣州成为了我国钨集散地，全国2/3的钨精矿在赣州实现冶炼加工。我市一批钨企业还到国外买矿、采矿和探矿，每年有4000余吨钨原料从国外运回赣州加工。

Ganzhou employs policies of mining tungsten strictly controlled by national mining quota. The output of tungsten concentrate has decreased 20% since 2000. Meanwhile, 2/3 of tungsten concentrate in China is processed in Ganzhou. 4,000 tons of tungsten raw material are supplied from abroad every year.

◆钨冶炼加工业

Tungsten Enterprises

赣州市有钨加工经营企业66家，其中有一定规模和实力的钨冶炼加工企业19家，形成的钨冶炼加工年生产能力为：仲钨酸铵4.5万吨、氧化钨2.5万吨、钨粉2万吨、碳化钨粉1万吨、钨条2000吨、钨铁6000吨、钨丝20亿米、硬质合金（含高比重合金）3000吨。2006年，赣州生产的钨产品在全国占有较大的份额：钨精矿30%、APT65%、钨铁40%、钨粉30%、钨条25%、钨丝及硬质合金各占8%。

There are 66 tungsten enterprises in Ganzhou, 19 of which are of good strength. The yearly capacity is 45,000 tons of APT, 25,000 tons of tungsten bars, 6,000 tons of W-Fe, 2 billion meters of Tungsten wire, and 3,000 tons of cemented carbide (including heavy alloy). In 2006, the shares of tungsten products in Ganzhou are Tungsten concentrate 30%, APT 65%, W-Fe 40%, W power 30%, tungsten bars 25%, tungsten wire 8% and cemented carbide 8%.

赣州的仲钨酸铵生产技术居世界领先地位，白钨综合回收技术和黑白钨混合矿浮选技术得到推广。崇义章源公司采用“振动球磨—离子交换—连续结晶”新工艺，生产1—50微米范围内各种粒度、不同晶型的仲钨酸铵，产品质量优于国际特级品标准。江钨钨合金公司使用低度钨和进口废钨生产优质钨铁，达到和接近国际先进水平。

The technology of producing APT in Ganzhou is the most advanced in the world. Its technology of scheelite recovery and the mixed flotation dressing has been popularized. The technology called “Milling, ion-exchange, continuous-crystallization” has been employed in tungsten metallurgical process in Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co. Ltd. and in APT with particle size from 1 to 50 µm and various crystal shapes could be produced. Jiangxi Tungsten Alloy Company produces W-Fe of high quality by using low-level tungsten and waste tungsten imported from abroad.

崇义章源、大余伟良、赣州远驰公司等企业的粗、中、细粒级及超细钨粉、纳米钨粉、超细纳米碳化钨粉的生产技术达到国内先进水平，生产的混合料、硬质合金及成品工具、高比重合金和钨丝、钨材远销欧美、日韩等发达国家和地区，具有较强的市场竞争力。

The technology of producing coarse, medium, fine or superfine W/WC powder and nano size W/WC powder in Chongyi Zhangyuan, Dayu Weiliang, Ganzhou Yuan-chi etc. can catch up with the most advanced level in china. Series of products are sold to European, American and Asian markets.

崇义章源公司与美国英佛曼合资建设具有国际先进水平的1000吨钨基硬面材料、具有自主知识产权的1000万件硬质合金工具等项目；中瑞科技公司自创技术的3000吨硬质合金项目、崇义耀升公司引进德国技术和人才、新上700吨钨棒材等4个钨深加工项目都在建设和运作之中。

1,000 tons of hard facing materials invested by Chongyi Zhangyuan and American Inframat Corporation and 1 million pieces of cemented carbide tools with its own properties invested by Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. are in construction. The project of 3,000 tons of cemented carbide invested by Zhongrui Company, and the project of 700 tons of tungsten rods invented by Jiangxi Yaoshen are all under construction.

近年来，我市钨业有了较快的发展，2006年实现销售收入110.3亿元，比2000年的7.07亿元增长了14.5倍；利税16.2亿元，比2000年的4237万增长了36.7倍；六年间，销售收入年均增长158%，利税年均增长184%。

Tungsten industry makes great progress in recent years. Sales value in 2006 is 11.03 billion RMB, which is 14.5 times more than that in 2000. Tax income is 1.62 billion RMB, which is 36.7 times more than that in 2000. The average growth rate of sales value is 158% and tax income 184%.

但是，我们也清醒地看到，我市钨产业仍然存在不可忽视的问题，如：钨矿开采的集约化程度还较低、历史遗留对生态环境污染依然存在；加工企业的整体发展水平还不够高；还没有形成足够大的行业龙头等等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视和大力解决。

We will pay much attention to economizing resources, protecting environment and developing harmoniously. And we are taking measures in protecting environment and improving the level of utilizing resources and solving the problems due to exploring.

展望篇

The Future

一、发展目标

I. Development Goals

以科学发展观统领全市钨产业，通过控制总量，优化结构，创新技术，科学发展，实现赣州钨工业全面提升。用5年左右的时间，把赣州钨产业培植成为产值超200亿元/年、力争250亿元/年的产业集群，实现利税达到25亿元/年以上；力争在钨产业形成超10亿元销售收入的企业10户，其中，培育集采选冶加一体化、具有较强竞争力、30-50亿元销售收入的龙头企业和上市公司2-3户。建设全国重要的钨产业基地,实现赣州钨工业快速、健康、可持续发展。

Keeping the scientific concept of development, the government of Ganzhou will develop tungsten industry by optimizing structures and innovation. Then in the coming 5 years, we strive for the objectives of the output value reaching 20 billion RMB per year and rapid, healthy and sustainable development.

二、发展方向

II. Development Direction

在现有产业技术水平的基础上，以扩大生产品种、发展精深加工、提高产品附加值为方向，以发展高性能、高品质硬质合金及工具为核心，力求产量占到全国份额的1/3以上，形成我市钨产业的标志性产品；同时大力发展高比重合金，钨铜合金、钨稀土合金等钨基合金，各类钨加工材，硬面材料等，以及钨特种钢及应用产品。

Based on present technologies, we are striving for the output of tungsten products taking 1/3 portion or more of the total output in China. And we also will develop heavy alloy, W-Cu alloy, hard facing materials and tungsten special steel and its applications etc.

三、发展布局

III. Development strategy

以赣州市区为中心，包括崇义、大余、赣县等县市在内形成赣州钨产业重点发展区域，以龙头企业为依托，围绕产业链条延伸配套，发展壮大产业集群，构建资源节约，环境友好、结构合理、效益显著、具有国际竞争力的钨工业体系。

To form the main developing region of Ganzhou tungsten industry by putting Ganzhou City area as the developing center, Chongyi, Dayu, Ganxian as the main region. To expand industrial cluster by relying on the leading enterprises around several industry chains. Thus, Ganzhou will construct the tungsten industrial system featuring efficiency, resource-saving, environment-friendly, rational structure and international market competitiveness.

结束语

Conclusive Remarks

回眸逝去的岁月，我们有许多感慨，也有一些遗憾；展望未来的愿景，我们有许多豪情，更有许多责任。百年风云，已渐渐远去；新的百年正向我们走来！放眼赣南大地，风景这边独好。赣州，正以它浸透历史情愫的熠熠光彩、充满活力的无限生机，迸发出光芒四射的青春魅力；曾经创造历史辉煌的赣州儿女正凝心聚力、高歌猛进，为全面实现赣州工业经济追赶型、跨越式发展，再领时代风骚，谱写新的乐章、创造新的辉煌！

Based on the experience of development in tungsten industry over the past 100 years, Ganzhou government will make more efforts on reform and innovation by keeping scientific development. A number of tungsten enterprises will be encouraged to develop downstream processing by using advanced technologies, management concept and talents, so as to make Ganzhou and important tungsten industrial area in China.